Lets discuss about the
Linux file System structure. This is a Common Topic of Linux because in this topic you can understand
Linux core concept. Mostly when you are working on live environment. You need many time
Linux File System for create new documents. Every Directory of
Linux File System has particular mean. If you want to understand easily
Linux directory Structure then read below.
Levels of Linux File System Structure
0 ‘s ( root(/) ) Level Linux File System:-
This is core level of
Linux file system. Under this section only one part and name is
root directory (/).Every
Linux File System are start from
root directory only
super user ( Administrator ) has privileges to write file or directory in this section.
1’s level Linux File System
/bin – User binaries
This directory has all local user
binary executable files. Which command you used in daily purpose or not have
root privileges are part in this directory. Like as
ps, ls, grep, cp and many more.
/sbin – User Binaries
This directory has all
super user privileges commands. Which command only can used if you have
super user or equal privileges. Directory
/sbin also have executable file like as
ifcfg , mkfs , init, fdisk , lsmod, etc.
/etc – Configuration Files
Basically this directory is mostly used because mostly program
configuration file present here. If you want to edit or configure file
then you need /etc directory. If you need to start and stop service of
any particular program then also need it. For Example:
yum.conf , host.conf, ntp.conf, resolve.conf etc.
/dev – Device Files
/dev Directory contain system related devices files.
Here you can find out terminal related files or your secondary storage
devices also present in /dev directory.
/tmp-Temporary Files
/tmp Directory contain temporary files. This is
created by Users of System. When System is restart your previous
temporary files are remove automatically.
/proc – Process Information
/proc Directory contain system information mean all
about physical server. How much resources do you have? Means if you want
to find out your system
Primary memory then you should check under this directory
#cat meminfo. Under this directory you can find various important file like as
cpuinfo, meminfo, patitions, diskstat, services, uptime, version..etc.
/var – Variable Directory
/var Directory contains variable files. And also
contain system log file or error files related to executed application. If you want to find out your
system log then you should check under
/var/log directory.
/home – Home Directory
/home Directory contains all local user personal files or directories. For Example :
/home/sham, /home/john, /home/merry ..etc.
/lib – System Libraries
/lib Directory contains system library files. These file support binary located under
/bin or
/sbin. For Example:
libk5crypto.so.3.1, libwrap.so.0, libxtables.so.4.0.0..etc.
/boot – Boot Loader Files
/boot Directory contain boot related files. Means kernel related files like as
initrd, grub files, vmlinux ..etc.
/mnt – Mount Directory
/mnt Directory contains mount point of physical hard disk or partitions.
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